10,11 The availability of different and sustainable sources of n-dodecane has garnered considerable attention for its conversion to valuable chemicals with the aid of zeolite catalysts. Normal dodecane (n-dodecane) with 12 carbon atoms (C 12) is an essential building block sourced from both bio and fossil fuels. 1,2 Light and heavy naphtha hydrocarbons have also been investigated and different feeds such as n-hexane, 3–6 n-heptane 7 and n-dodecane 8,9 were studied. Several raw materials have been converted to olefins beside other products vacuum gas oil (VGO) has been used as a feedstock in the well-known FCC process, which is the most dominant technology for olefin production. The demand for these valuable chemicals has been increasing over years. Light olefins are of high importance as an intermediate feedstock for the petrochemical industries. The yield of light olefins also increased at higher temperatures for both catalysts, while at a lower temperature the yield to light olefins was ca. The conversion increased with the increase in the reaction temperature for both catalysts the conversion was above 90% for the Co-BEA catalyst at a temperature above 450 ☌. The catalysts were evaluated in the cracking of sssssss to light olefins in the temperature range from 400 ☌ to 600 ☌. The desilication and Co ion-exchange altered the acidity of the catalyst. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that the fabricated catalysts were less than 100 nm. The XRD patterns of the as-synthesized nano BEA catalysts were identical to that of the reference, while the NMR analysis revealed the distribution of silicon and aluminum in the BEA structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques were used to examine the structure of the catalysts. Ammonia temperature program desorption (NH 3-TPD) and the pyridine Fourier transform infrared (pyridine-FTIR) were utilized to investigate the acidity of catalysts. The synthesized and modified nano BEA catalysts were characterized via different characterization techniques.
The desilication was carried out using 0.1 M of NaOH. Nano BEA zeolite catalysts were synthesized and modified by desilication and then ion-exchanged with Co.
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